Reciprocating air compressors (also known as Piston air compressor) are positive-displacement compressor that uses a crankshaft-driven piston and cylinder to compress the air. Successive volumes of air are confined within a closed space and elevating this air to a higher pressure. The reciprocating air compressor accomplishes this by using a piston within a cylinder as the compressing and displacing element. One of the key advantages of using reciprocating compressors is that the initial cost of installing them is typically lower. Other benefits of using reciprocating compressors include:
- Ability to produce both high-power and high-pressure air.
- It can compress gases and refrigerants of many molecular densities.
- High efficiency and flexibility.
- Relatively low maintenance costs and ability to provide continuous flow.
- High durability.
- Low-priced & spare parts are available readily.
Reciprocating air compressors are used for a wide range of pressures, from vacuum to 2000 bar g and more for a wide range of industrial applications. The primary use of piston air compressors is generally to move air at increased pressure. Reciprocating air compressors are used in industrials to process and deliver natural gas, plants producing chemicals, oil refining, and refrigerating technology. Other diversified applications of piston compressors are scuba diving, dental surgeries, laboratories, automotive workshops, and agriculture.
The reciprocating or piston compressor consists of a piston, inter-outlet valves, and cylinder with an adequate cooling arrangement, connecting rod, and crank. The working is the same as the compression stroke of two-stroke engines. A single-stage reciprocating air compressor is an air compressor that carries out compression in a single stroke & a two-stage reciprocating air compressor is an air compressor that carries out compression in two strokes and consists of two cylinders.
The basic working principle of a reciprocating air compressor or a piston air compressor is to use pistons driven by a crankshaft to move air at high pressure. The first step in this process is that the piston in the reciprocating compressor moves back and forth in the cylinder by a rotating shaft, known as a crankshaft, using a connecting rod that converts rotary motion to reciprocating action. Either engine or an electrical motor provides the power to rotate the crankshaft. The cylinder is supplied with suction and discharge valves. A suction valve is the one that admits air into the cylinder, and delivery lets out the air once it is compressed. The valves must open and close in a coordinated manner to produce compressed air.
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